Egg Production in Backyard Chickens: : What to Expect
One of the best benefits of raising backyard chickens is the steady supply of fresh eggs. But how does the laying cycle work? How many eggs will a chicken lay in her lifetime? Here’s what you need to know.
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Key Takeaways
- Chickens typically start laying eggs at 20 to 24 weeks of age, depending on the breed.
- Most hens lay consistently in their first year; production may slow in the second due to winter light conditions.
- Standard breeds like Rhode Island Reds lay 250–300 eggs per year, while exotic breeds lay about 100 eggs annually.
- Hens require approximately 16 hours of light per day for optimal laying, not affected by cold weather.
- Factors like dehydration, stress, and sudden feed changes can cause hens to stop laying eggs.
When Do Chickens Start Laying Eggs?
Most hens begin laying at about 20 to 24 weeks of age, depending on the breed. Some may start a little earlier or later, but this is the general range.
Understanding the Egg-Laying Cycle
- First Year: Most hens will lay consistently through their first winter without supplemental lighting.
- Second Year: Egg production often slows during winter unless you provide artificial lighting.
- Peak Production: The first three laying seasons are typically the most productive.
How Many Eggs Will a Hen Lay?
- Standard laying breeds like Rhode Island Reds and Plymouth Rocks produce about 250–300 eggs per year.
- Exotic breeds, such as Polish, lay fewer eggs—around 100 per year.
- Over a lifetime, hens can lay for five to six seasons, though production tapers off after the third or fourth year.
Winter Egg Production: Does Cold Matter?
Cold weather doesn’t stop egg production—daylight does. Hens need about 16 hours of light per day to maintain laying. As days shorten, production naturally slows unless you add supplemental lighting.
Important: Artificial lighting can extend winter laying but may shorten the overall laying lifespan because hens have a finite number of eggs.
Why Do Chickens Stop Laying Suddenly?
Several factors can cause a drop in egg production:
- Dehydration: Even in winter, hens need fresh water. Lack of water is the most common reason for laying to stop.
- Stress: Predators, loud noises, or flock disruptions can reduce egg output.
- Feed Changes: Abrupt changes in diet can interrupt laying.
